Photographic film.



No. 861,472. I PATENTED JULY 30, 1907. G. MAGAIRE.

PHDTOGRAPHIG FILM.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN.9, 1900. BPEOIMENB.

fig. 1.

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UNITED STATES, PATENT OFFICE.

IGUSTAVE MACAIRE, OF RIOKMANSWORTH, ENGLANDF PHOTOGRAPHIC FI M.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GUSTAVE Macrame, of Nightingale Road, Rickmansworth, in the county'of Herts, England, consulting chemist, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Photographic Films,

of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to photographic films, and its object is to produce a film which, without the employment of a glass plate or carrier, shall be free from grain and possess other advantages as hereinafter explained. Films of this class have hitherto, as is known, been mounted upon glass or upon carriers or backings of paper or other material, and when backings of the latter class are employed it is impossible to produce satisfactory enlargements of photographs taken upon the films, .or pictures suitable for projection, on account of the transference of the grain of the backing to the. gelatin of the film, which on enlargement or projection has the effect of spoiling the pic- 2 ture. I I

Now by my invention I am able, while still retaining the advantages of the paper backing, to produce a film entirely free from grain, and from which satisfactory enlargements to any desired size or pictures entirely suitable for kinematographic or lantern projection can be obtained. I The improved films are particularly useful for film cameras and for kinematograph negatives and positives, since they can be made in any length, and in v the preferred construction are cheaper than celluloid, (though celluloid may .be employed in their manufacture if desired, as hereinafter described). Further the improvedfilms'in their. preferred construction are entirely uninflammable, and thus render. kinematographic projection perfectly safe. 0 'It is possible to obtain equally sharp impressions ful for carbon andprocess work;

Referring to the accompanying drawings, which 40 illustrate on'an exaggerated scale two films made in accordance with my invention,- -,Figure I; is a perspective view of the preferred form of film, and Fig. 2 is a similar view of af modification. 7

According to my invention I take a sheet, band or 4 5 reel of backing paper a, which should be of good manufacture and made from pure rag pulp. Upon this I spread by any convenient means or apparatus (su ch, for example, as the machines employed in the manufactureof fancy papers, which are so -well known as .5 0 to require no further description), a coating b, or it may betwo or more coatings, of a=mixture of barium .sulfatexand a colloid substance, capable of' being rendered insoluble, such as gelatin, this being rendered insoluble by chrome alum or. other suitable 5.5 agent. Or Itmay first apply a coating or coatings of a Specification of Letters Patent.

from either side of the film, which will be found use-.

Patented July 30, 1907.

Application filed January 9, 1900. Serial No. 878.

mixture of soluble gelatin or other colloid substance, and barium sulfate, and when this isdry, superpose thereon a coating of insoluble gelatin or other insoluble colloid substance. After allowing the coating last applied to dry, I apply an impermeable coating 0 of rubber, wax, gum, resin, or the like, dissolved in benzin or other solvent, and after allowing the solvent to evaporate, I- apply a coating of, collodion d, or by preference alternate coats of collodion and (1 until the desired thickness has been obtained, the outermost coat of this series being preferably collodion,. as shown. By this arrangement I avoid the stretching or expanding of the film lengthwise or transversely which would otherwise" occur by the hygroscopic gelatin taking up large quantities of .water during the fixing and developing operations. A suitable solution 6f the gelatin, casein, or other proteid, may be made by dissolving it in alcohol. The gelatin or casein should be rendered insoluble in water by the addition of a suitable agent, such as formalin. l v

The outermost coating should contain the sensitive material, or serve as a carrier therefor. [n Fig. 1 I have shown a sensitive coating h which may be of any suitable emulsionfsuch coating being applied to the outermost layer of collodion d. It is obvious that such sensitive coating may be applied at'any point above the impermeable coating 0.

' I prefer films having upper coatings of collodion and gelatin or casein as described above the impermeable layer above referred to, but I may employ celluloid in place of the coats of collodion and gelatin or casein. For this purpose I mayapply one ormore coats of cellu- 'loid upon the impermeable layer, according to the solution in a suitable medium such as amyl acetate and acetone with benzin. The outer layer is sensitized as before.- Such a construction isshown in Fig. 2, where a is the backing, b the coating of insoluble gelatin and barium sulfate, c the impermeablecoating, andf the coating of celluloid. The sensitive coatence black or of non actinic color. This has the great advantage of enabling rolls of film to be introduced in broad daylight into or removed from film cameras, and in the case of packets of film of preventing the daylight passing through the paper or other backing of a film exposed thereto and injuring the films behind. Halaa proteid, such as gelatin or casein or other protei d thickness desired. The celluloid will be applied in The paper backings which I employ are by prefer- I tion, which is so serious a matter in producing photographic images for enlargements and the like as hitherto upon glass backings, is also .thus prevented.

' Any suitable apparatus may be employed for applying the various coatings to the paper backing, and

when these have all been applied the band or sheet may be cut up into sizes'suitable for the requirements of the photographic trade.

' The proper which consists oi the layer above the impermeable coating is designd to be stripped from its backing while in a dry state, after exposure and before development. 'Such layer of filnrproper consists in the construction shown in Fig. 1 of the coatings of collodion and gelatin, and the outer sensitized coating if a separate sensitized coating is used. I In the construction shown in Fig. 2 such layer or film comprises the celluloid coating and the sensitized coating 9.

After being stripped the film is developed, intensifi'ed, reduced in'intensity, fixed, washed and finished just as if it wereupon glass, so that it is possible'to readrequired for the purpose, and which difl'iculty is due to the transference of the grain of the paper backing,

ily follow and control the progress of these various oprations andthus obtain greatly improved results.

After washing and finishing the exposed film I prefer to pass it into a solution consisting of glycerin 5 per cent -formalin, five percent, water and alcohol. The film is then placed upon the original paperbacking, which may be retained for the purpose, and allowed to dry in the air; this will impart perfect rigidity and smoothness tothe film. 4 When it is dry it may be againstripped from the backing, and the result is a I perfectly bright and rigid film entirely free from grain.

The improved films are particularly adapted for advertising and'decorative purposes, since the difficulty experienced hitherto of enlarging transfers such as are is obviated. In employingmy improved films for ad- Ivertising' or'decorative purposes, it is only necessary to moisten the film and cause it to adhere'to-the desired surface, say a painted iron tablet, by placing the gelatin face inwards thereon and applying pressure. The paper backing may then be stripped on,- leaving the film adheringfirmly and evenly to the surface.

The. film 'should then be varnished.

My improved film may if desired be strengthened after exposure and finishing, by a surface layer of gelatinapplied thereto in the well-known way.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: i

1. A, stripping photographic film having a backing of fibrous material, a coating composed of an insoluble colloid substance and barium sulfate thereon, an impermeable coating above said first coating, and a sensitized coating above said impermeable coating and adapted to be stripped therefrom.

2. A stripping photographic film having a paper backing, a coating of an insoluble colloid substance and barium sulfate thereon, .an impermeable coating upon said first coating, alternate coats of collodion and a proteid superposed on said impermeable coating, said film having a sensitized coat above the impermeable coat, the coatings above the impermeable coat constituting the stripping film proper.

3. A stripping photographic film having a paper backing,

a coating of insoluble gelatin and barium sulfate thereon, an impermeable coating above said first coating, and a backing, a coating of an lnsolublecolloid substance and barium sulfate thereon,-an impermeable coating on said first coating,'alternate coats. of collodion and a proteid superposed on said impermeable coating, and a sensitized proper.

6. A photographic stripping film comprising a paper backing, a coating .of an insoluble colloid substanceand barium sulfate thereon, an impermeable coat or layer on said first coat, and a sensitizedlayer applied on said impermeable coat and constituting the stripping film proper.

7. A photographic stripping film comprising a paper backing, a coating of an insoluble colloid substance and barium sulfate thereon, a coat or layer of rubber on said first coat, and a sensitized layer applied on said rubber coat and constituting the stripping film proper.

In witness whereoi, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of ,two siniscrlbingwitnesses.

' GUSTAVE MA'CAIRE.

Witnesses: I

coat above said coats of collodion and proteid, the coatings above the impermeable coat constituting the stripping film. 

